Vitamin B12 is crucial for several physiological processes, including: Red blood cell formation deficiency leads to megaloblastic anaemia, characterised by large, immature red blood cells Neurological function B12 is required for myelin synthesis and nerve health DNA synthesis essential for cell division and growth Without adequate B12, patients may develop symptoms such as fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, glossitis (sore tongue), paraesthesia (pins and needles), and in severe cases, neurological complications including peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, and cognitive impairment
Consider discarding if visual changes suggest significant degradation, particularly for applications where peptide integrity is critical
Researchers would damage an animals stomach or intestine, usually inducing ulcers, then check whether the peptide protected the tissue underneath
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2307563